What element is typically found in a data matrix?

A data matrix is a structured arrangement used to organize information, particularly in fields like crime analysis and data science. The correct answer highlights that a data matrix is typically composed of variables and units arranged systematically in rows and columns. This organization allows for easier analysis and comparison of data points.

In a data matrix, each row usually represents a different observation or case (such as an individual crime incident), while each column corresponds to a specific variable or attribute of that observation (for example, the type of crime, date, location, etc.). This structured layout is essential for effective data analysis, as it facilitates the identification of patterns and relationships within the data.

The other options do not capture the essence of a data matrix accurately. Randomly arranged data entries would indicate a lack of organization, making analysis difficult. Unrelated data sets imply there is no cohesive structure or relationship among the data, which is contrary to the concept of a data matrix. Lastly, having only textual descriptions would not form a matrix, as it lacks the quantitative or structured approach typical of data matrices, which combine varied types of data in a systematic format.