What is meant by a 'theory of crime'?

A 'theory of crime' refers to frameworks that explain the causes of criminal behavior. These theories seek to understand why individuals commit crimes and can encompass a variety of perspectives, including sociological, psychological, and biological factors. By providing a systematic way to analyze crime, these theories help criminologists, law enforcement, and policymakers address and respond effectively to criminal behavior.

The other options, while related to crime, do not encapsulate the concept of a 'theory of crime' as thoroughly. Popular beliefs about crime in society represent public perception rather than an analytical framework. Historical perspectives on crime rates focus on the trends over time but do not delve into the underlying reasons behind criminal acts. Legal definitions of various types of crime describe what constitutes a crime but do not provide a context for understanding the motivations behind criminal behavior. Thus, the emphasis on understanding the causes makes the second choice the correct interpretation of a 'theory of crime.'