Which agency typically uses geographic data systems?

The correct answer is that city or county agencies typically use geographic data systems. These agencies employ geographic information systems (GIS) to manage, analyze, and visualize spatial data related to urban planning, public safety, infrastructure maintenance, and resource management. GIS allows these agencies to make informed decisions based on spatial relationships and geographic patterns that are crucial for effective governance and service delivery.

City and county agencies utilize GIS to map crime patterns, plan emergency responses, manage public utilities, and analyze demographic changes, among other applications. This technology aids in improving operational efficiency and enhances communication with the community about various services and developments.

Other options do not encompass the broad range of applications and users of GIS. Environmental organizations may use GIS, but they are not the only users. Private corporations also utilize GIS, but their applications might focus more on business operations and market analysis rather than public service. International governments may use geographic data systems too, but their usage tends to be on a larger scale, often involving collaborative efforts on global issues, rather than the localized, community-focused applications most commonly associated with city or county agencies.